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The Graham technique is a modern dance movement style and pedagogy created by American dancer and choreographer Martha Graham (1894–1991). Graham technique has been called the "cornerstone" of American modern dance, and is taught worldwide. The phrase "Graham technique" was registered as a trademark before Graham's death, and was the subject of a trademark dispute in the early 2000s.〔 ==Characteristics== Graham technique is based on "contraction and release" (see below), and uses different parts of the body in opposition to one another, creating spirals for dramatic tension. It also incorporates formal exaggerations of "natural" movements. Graham technique is designed to make its dancers expressive and dramatic. Its movement vocabulary draws connections between the physical and emotional meanings of "power", "control", and "vulnerability".〔 Graham was exceptionally flexible, and many of her technique's exaggerated movements can be difficult or painful, especially for less-flexible dancers. The technique was originally developed on an all-female company.〔 Graham technique uses the hands in distinctive ways. They are generally meant to be active and purposeful, not decorative. They are often held in a stylized, cupped position, with the fingers held straight and pulled towards the palm.〔 (with illustration of Graham-contracted hand)〕 Arms move in response to impetus from the back or shoulders. Arm movements were left unspecified in Graham's early work, and there is variation between Graham teachers' use of ''port de bras'' (carriage of the arms).〔 Graham is considered a "codified technique", like the several schools of classical ballet. In contrast to ballet's "distal" (outward) limb movements and upright posture, Graham movement initiates from the core and includes large back movements and dancing on the floor. Where ballet dancers strive to appear weightless and move effortlessly, Graham dancers reveal and magnify their effort for dramatic effect. Graham explained, "Ballet…did not say enough, especially when it came to intense drama, to passion." However, her extended collaboration with ballet-trained Erick Hawkins made her technique more balletic over time.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Graham technique」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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